Senior Cat Health: Recognizing and Managing Common Conditions

As cats grow older, their needs change—and so do the challenges they face. Just like humans, senior cats are more vulnerable to chronic diseases, mobility issues, and cognitive decline. But with attentive care and early intervention, aging doesn’t have to mean discomfort.

At Fairfax Veterinary Clinic, we’re here to help you understand what aging looks like in cats, what conditions to watch for, and how to support your feline companion through every stage of their golden years.

Understanding the Aging Process in Cats

Cats are considered senior between 11–14 years and geriatric at 15+ years. While many remain playful and affectionate well into old age, subtle shifts in behavior, mobility, and appetite often signal that something more is going on beneath the surface.

Common Signs of Aging

  • Reduced activity or reluctance to jump
  • Noticeable weight loss or gain
  • Increased sleeping or hiding
  • Changes in appetite, litter box use, or grooming habits

Recognizing these changes early is key to providing timely care. Supporting Your Senior Pet: Veterinary Care Recommendations

Common Health Conditions in Senior Cats

Understanding the most common illnesses in older cats allows you to detect warning signs and take early action.

1. Arthritis & Joint Pain

Cats are masters at hiding discomfort—but arthritis often shows through subtle changes in behavior.

Signs to look for:

  • Difficulty jumping, stiffness after resting
  • Less frequent grooming (due to joint pain)
  • Hesitation on stairs or elevated surfaces

Treatment includes weight management, joint supplements, pain medications, and environmental support.
 Arthritis and Degenerative Joint Disease in Cats

2. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

CKD affects nearly 30% of senior cats and can progress quietly.

Key symptoms:

  • Increased thirst and urination
  • Weight loss, vomiting, bad breath
  • Lethargy or decreased grooming

Early diagnosis via bloodwork and urinalysis allows for interventions like hydration therapy, renal diets, and medications to slow progression.
 Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats

3. Hyperthyroidism

This common endocrine disorder causes a metabolic spike that impacts your cat’s heart, digestion, and weight.

Typical signs:

  • Increased appetite with weight loss
  • Hyperactivity or restlessness
  • Vomiting, diarrhea, or loud vocalizations

Treatment may include daily medication, iodine-restricted diets, or radioactive iodine therapy.
 Feline Hyperthyroidism Guidelines

4. Diabetes Mellitus

Feline diabetes is increasingly diagnosed in older, overweight cats.

Warning signs:

  • Increased drinking and urination
  • Weight loss despite normal appetite
  • Weakness or abnormal posture (e.g., walking flat-footed)

Insulin therapy, dietary management, and regular monitoring are essential.
 Not So Sweet: Diabetes in Pets

5. Cancer in Older Cats

Cancer can appear as internal tumors or external masses.

What to watch for:

  • New lumps or swellings
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Chronic vomiting or lethargy
  • Breathing difficulty or behavioral withdrawal

Diagnosis may require imaging and biopsy, and treatment varies depending on the type and stage.
 Types of Cancer in Pets

6. Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (Feline Dementia)

Cognitive decline is common in older cats and often mistaken for “just old age.”

Signs include:

  • Disorientation or confusion
  • Increased vocalizing, especially at night
  • Litter box accidents or changes in sleep patterns

While not curable, there are ways to improve comfort through environmental enrichment, dietary changes, and supplements.
 Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging Cats

Proactive Care for Senior Cats

Biannual Veterinary Exams

Twice-yearly exams allow for early detection of disease and proactive management.

Improving Mobility and Comfort at Home

Make your senior cat’s environment more accessible:

  • Ramps or pet steps to avoid jumping
  • Lower-sided litter boxes for easier access
  • Elevated food and water dishes to reduce joint strain
    Read more: Mobility Matters Guide

Nutrition & Weight Management

Senior cats may need adjustments to support kidney health, manage chronic disease, or maintain muscle mass.

Ask your veterinarian about:

  • Prescription diets for kidney, thyroid, or joint health
  • High-moisture foods to support hydration
  • Calorie adjustments for overweight or underweight cats

Maintaining Routine & Enrichment

Consistent daily routines help reduce anxiety in senior cats.

  • Keep food, litter boxes, and beds in familiar spots
  • Use gentle play to stimulate activity
  • Provide window perches or soft hiding spots to enrich their environment
  • Read more Common Behavior Issues in Older Cats

Partnering with Your Veterinary Team

Schedule a Senior Cat Wellness Exam

Regular veterinary care is your best tool for early diagnosis and extending your cat’s healthy years.
Book an Appointment at Fairfax Veterinary Clinic

Have Honest Conversations About Quality of Life

Discuss what changes to monitor and when to consider adjusting treatment or exploring palliative care.
 Meet the Fairfax Veterinary Clinic Team

Supporting Your Cat Through the Golden Years

Aging isn’t a disease—but it does require vigilance, compassion, and proactive care. By watching for early warning signs, staying consistent with veterinary visits, and adjusting your home and routines, you can help your senior cat stay comfortable, happy, and loved every step of the way.

Have questions about your senior cat’s health?
 Contact Fairfax Veterinary Clinic today—we’re here to support you and your cat at every age.